Heat values

• Crude oil         42-47 MJ/kg
• Natural gas      42-55 MJ/kg
• Hard black coal (Australia & Canada)         25 MJ/kg

https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/facts-and-figures/heat-values-of-various-fuels.aspx

Calculation for pB11:

• Energy released in single pB11 reaction: 8.7 MeV

https://journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.4.031030

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-36655-1

Energy in Joules (conversion)

• 1eV= 1.6×10^-19 J
• 8.7 MeV= 8.7 x 10⁶ x 1.6×10^-19 J = 1.4 x10^-12 J

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt,

https://www.unitconverters.net/energy/electron-volt-to-joule.htm

Mass of proton:

• Mass of proton, p=1.6 x 10^-24gm

https://www.learner.org/wp-content/interactive/periodic/basics_3_atomic_structure.html

https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/157817/what-is-the-mass-of-a-proton

https://www.space.com/protons-facts-discovery-charge-mass#section-what-is-the-size-and-mass-of-a-proton

Mass of B11:

• Mass of p +B11 = 12 x 1.6 x 10^-24gm (many sources) = 1.9 x 10^-23gm
• 12 is total number of nucleons-protons and neutrons, which weigh almost exactly the same.

  H has 1 proton, B11 has 5 protons and 6 neutrons -total 12

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_boron

• Mass = Energy/energy density (gravimetric)

Energy density = Energy/Mass

Energy density (gravimetric) = 1.4 x10^-12 J/1.9 x 10^-23gm = 0.7368 10¹¹J/gm = 74 GJ/gm = 74 TJ/kg x 43% conversion to electricity = 31.5 TJ/kg

Percent mass converted into energy from E=mc²

1 gm 100% converted to energy = 9 x 10¹³ J = 90TJ

c = speed of light= 3×10¹⁰ cm/sec

c²= 9×10²⁰ cm²/sec²

E= mc² =1 gm x9x10²⁰ cm²/sec²= 9×10²⁰ ergs = 9 x 10¹³ J = 90TJ

• • Wood: 16kJ/90 TJ = 18 billionths %
  • Coal: 28 billionths %
  • Oil: 47 billionths %
  • Nat gas: 61 billionths %
  • Uranium: 0.18 thousandth %
  • pB11: 0.03 %

https://brainly.in/question/55795155

https://www.doubtnut.com/qna/571226579